一、使用docker-compose快速部署Prometheus+grafana环境

由于最近公司服务频繁出问题，老板很生气，下面的人都很不好过，于是老大让加一下业务监控，来观察线上数据状态。
但是由于 qa 环境数据量太少，所以自己搭建了一套环境做相关监控，并且写了个脚本模仿生产上的数据，并且做了很多指标，写了一些 Grafana 的 PromQL 语法，网上的资料也很少，我就来补充一下，这个下一章再讲。

注意：

• docker 和 docker-compose 请自行下载安装

1. 创建相关目录并给予权限，持久化目录需要给 777 权限，否则容器启动失败

cd ~ && mkdir prometheus && chmod 777 prometheus
cd prometheus && mkdir grafana_data prometheus_data && chmod 777 grafana_data prometheus_data

./docker-compose.yml

version: "3.7"
services:
  node-exporter:
    image: prom/node-exporter:latest
    container_name: "node-exporter0"
    ports:
      - "9100:9100"
    restart: always
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    container_name: "prometheus0"
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
    volumes:
      - "./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
      - "./prometheus_data:/prometheus"
  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana
    container_name: "grafana0"
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - "./grafana_data:/var/lib/grafana"

注：prometheus 主机需要部署以上容器，其他被监控主机只需要部署 node-exporter

2. prometheus 配置文件(根据自己的服务器 ip 进行修改 targets 内容)

./prometheus.yml

global:
  scrape_interval:     15s # 默认抓取周期
  external_labels:
    monitor: 'codelab-monitor'
scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'node-exporter' #服务的名称
    scrape_interval: 5s
    metrics_path: /metrics  #获取指标的url
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['139.224.224.229:9100'] # 这个为监听指定服务服务的ip和port，需要修改为自己的ip，貌似云服务必须用公网ip

3. docker-compose 启动

docker-compose up -d         # 挂载目录给权限，不然会启动失败

如果启动报如下的"没有权限"错误：

grafana0         | You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
grafana0         | mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
grafana0         | GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
grafana0         | You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
grafana0         | mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
grafana0         | GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
grafana0         | You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
grafana0         | mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
grafana0         | GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
grafana0         | You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
grafana0         | mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
grafana0         | GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
grafana0         | You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
grafana0         | mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied

则需要将挂载目录赋予权限，即：

chmod 777 grafana_data/ prometheus_data/ #个人根据配置文件中具体的挂在目录进行权限修改

4. 访问主机的 9090 端口可以查到 Prometheus 监控到的数据，访问 3000 端口是 grafana 的界面

账密admin/admin

5. 配置监控，点击齿轮，选择 Data Sources
   
6. 点击 Add data source
   
7. 填写 prometheus 地址 ip+端口或者主机名+端口（需要配置 hosts）
   
8. 点击 save&test
   
9. 点击+号，选择 import
   
10. 输入模板号 9276，点击 load。    8919
    
    
11. 导入模板完成